Best ways to witness the elk rut in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park

by: Hannah Moore

Posted: Sep 16, 2025 / 04:18 PM EDT

Updated: Sep 16, 2025 / 11:51 PM EDT

GALINBURG, Tenn. (WATE) — For those looking to catch sight of an elk in the Smokies, the annual elk breeding season is underway in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park.

Elk gather in mixed herds during mating season from early September to mid-October, also known as the “rut.” While this period does provide increased viewing opportunities, it can be dangerous if proper precautions are not taken. During the run, male elk are more likely to exhibit defensive behavior as they compete for dominance and will charge or challenge any perceived threat, including people and vehicles. In addition, female elk are protective of their calves, adding to the stress within herds.

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To ensure the safety of both visitors and wildlife, the park urges people to follow these guidelines:

• Keep your distance: Willfully approaching elk within 50 yards (150 feet), or at any distance that causes them to change their behavior due to your presence, is illegal in the park.
  • Violating this federal regulation may result in fines or arrest.
• Respect area closures and staff guidance: Adhere to directions given by park rangers and volunteers regarding your viewing distance.
  • The fields around Oconaluftee and Cataloochee are closed to all visitors during this sensitive time.
• Stay alert and slow down: Elk frequently cross roadways, especially in areas like Oconaluftee, Cataloochee, Balsam Mountain and along the Blue Ridge Parkway.
  • Obey speed limits and remain vigilant.
• Viewing elk from your vehicle: Use designated pull-offs and make sure your vehicle is completely off of the roadway and not obstructing traffic.
• Back away if approached: If an elk approaches you, calmly back away and give it plenty of space.

What to do if you see Elk in Smoky Mountains

Those looking for the best viewing opportunities are encouraged to plan their trip in the early morning or late evening hours when the elk are most active. According to GSMNP, notable viewing areas include Cataloochee, Balsam Mountain, and Oconaluftee. Elk are also known to emerge on cloudy days.

Elk were native and abundant throughout North Carolina and Tennessee up until the late 1700s or early 1800s. They were then completely removed from the area and weren’t reintroduced into the park until 2001. Most of the herd can be found around Cataloochee Valley and Oconaluftee Valley near Cherokee, North Carolina.

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Outside of the national park, elk can be found in the North Cumberland Wildlife Management Area. There is a viewing tower on Hatfield Knob where visitors can catch a glimpse of the herd. People can view the area and possibly see some elk on the TWRA’s Live Elk Cam.